As conversations around smoking and vaping continue to evolve, it is important to understand the science, the health implications, and the public health considerations that surround both. While vaping is often marketed and perceived as a safer alternative to smoking, the reality is more complex.
Understanding the Basics
Vaping involves heating a liquid—typically containing nicotine—into an aerosol, which the user inhales. This process avoids the combustion of tobacco, which is how traditional cigarettes deliver nicotine. Tobacco combustion is responsible for releasing thousands of harmful chemicals, many of which are toxic and carcinogenic. For this reason, vaping is seen by some as a potentially less harmful method of nicotine consumption.
Health Implications
The dangers of smoking are well-established. According to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, smoking negatively affects nearly every organ in the body and is a major contributor to heart disease and premature death. The process of burning tobacco creates substances that damage blood vessels, lungs, and other vital organs.
While vaping does not involve combustion and therefore reduces exposure to many of these harmful substances, it is not without risk. Research shows that e-cigarette aerosol can still contain diacetyl (linked to lung disease), heavy metals like lead, and carcinogens. Moreover, the long-term health effects of vaping remain largely unknown, particularly for younger users. Some serious lung injuries and even deaths have been associated with unregulated or modified vaping products.
Youth Vaping in New Zealand
One of the most concerning trends in recent years is the rapid rise of vaping among young people in Aotearoa. Between 2019 and 2021, daily vaping among Year 10 students increased significantly, even as smoking rates declined. Health experts warn that nicotine can negatively impact the developing brain and that regular use in adolescence increases the risk of long-term addiction.
Regulation and Response
In December 2023, the New Zealand Government introduced regulations to curb youth vaping. These included new design standards, such as requiring disposable vapes to have removable batteries. Despite these changes, groups such as the Health Coalition Aotearoa have expressed concern that the measures do not go far enough. They advocate for stronger enforcement, reduced access, and greater restrictions on marketing to young people.
Final Thoughts
While vaping may be less harmful than smoking, it is not harmless. The public must be informed of the risks, especially as vaping becomes more common among youth. Clear regulation, education, and health support remain key to safeguarding future generations.
